Real estate broker license british columbia

Constitution, governmental entities have the right to "take" private property for public purposes. This power is called eminent domain. Taking private property to widen a highway is a classic example of when the government e. However, the Fifth Amendment to the U. Constitution does state that government entities exercising this power must pay the private property owners just or fair compensation. Condemnation is the name for the legal proceeding to determine what just or fair compensation is for each parcel of real estate taken by the government.

It is not the name of the government power itself. The government's police power is the right of the government to establish and enact laws to promote public health, public safety, public welfare, and morals.

Two classic examples of police power are zoning and building codes. Test-Taking Tip: When the government exercises its police powers, typically no compensation need be paid to affected property owners.

In our legal system, real estate must be owned by someone. In England, if the owner abandoned a parcel of real estate or died without a will i. In the United States, this parcel of real estate would revert back to the state.

This governmental power is called "escheat. These are four separate powers. Be careful not to let the examiners trick you into lumping several powers into, say, police power. There are no nationwide or statewide zoning ordinances but governments may regulate land use through special legislation such as national park regulations, wildlife preserves, coastal management, and environmental laws. Zoning laws, as implemented in cities and counties, identify the permitted use of each parcel of land.

Blockbusting, for the most part, is no longer a common practice, although it may happen indirectly through inappropriate conversations and statements by real estate licensees. The purpose of the blockbusting scheme is to get the homeowners to sell out at a deflated price; then sell the vacated homes to minority group members at an inflated price.

Involvement in a blockbusting scheme is grounds for criminal charges. The U. Constitution limits government power, and requires that governmental actions and statutory regulations cannot take away property rights without due process, unless there is a compelling government interest to do so. Protecting the health, safety and welfare of the citizens of the community has long been accepted as such a compelling government interest.

Police power is the power of the state to enforce laws and rules that protect the members of the community. Since owners take title to their property subject to zoning laws, enforcement of the zoning laws is constitutional.

Specific liens are secured by a specific piece of property. General liens are secured by the collective assets of the debtor. Many borrowers are under the misguided impression that there is no collateral securing a general lien such as a credit card lien or signature loan. While both types of liens require collateral, general liens are actually secured by more collateral than specific liens. A lienholder of a general lien is within its rights to foreclose on any of the assets of the debtor; whereas a lienholder of a specific lien may only foreclose on the specific collateral named in the lien.

The test question states that the listing agreement was formalized in writing. An express agency is one that was formalized--before the fact--either verbally or in writing. The traditional rule in the "Statute of Frauds" states that a listing agreement cannot be enforced in court unless it is in writing and signed by the party to be charged.

Test-Taking Tip: Because it is frequently tested, it is worth reviewing the other promises, agreements, and contracts that must be in writing to satisfy the Statute of Frauds. A general agency usually gives the agent a limited ability to bind the principal e. This is typically used in an ongoing business, where the agent has multiple duties to perform.

In contrast, the special agent acting under the authority of the exclusive right-to-sell listing agreement typically only has the sole duty of finding a buyer.

Special agency is an advisory position, and the agent traditionally lacks the authority to bind the principal e. A universal agency gives the agent broad powers, including the authority to bind the principal. A "Power of Attorney" is an example of a document that might set up a universal agency. An implied agency is created through the actions of the two parties. Here, the test question states this listing agreement was created before the fact and is in writing, making it an express agency not an implied agency.

The broker is the agent. The salesperson owes all of the fiduciary duties to the client principal that an agent owes, but most all of the agent's real estate related activities must be supervised by a broker. Study Online Instantly. A company dollar is what the brokerage firm has left after licensee commissions have been paid. A company dollar is what the brokerage firm has left after not before paying licensee commissions. This answer choice describes the term "desk fee. The term "company dollar" is not associated with the IRS tax-deferred exchange.

Under Section of the United States Internal Revenue Code, capital gains taxes may be deferred for real estate used for business or investment purposes--if the parcel of realty is exchanged for another "like-kind" parcel. This allows property owners to defer paying federal capital gains taxes until the new parcel of real estate is sold. Note: In a exchange, "like-kind" doesn't mean identical. A like-kind parcel of real estate is one that is used for business or investment purposes, meaning an office building could be exchanged for an apartment building.

An advance fee given by the seller to cover advertising costs is considered trust funds. Most states have very strict rules governing the handling of trust funds. Generally the funds must be used only for their intended purpose; and an accounting of all expenditures must be provided to the principal. If the money is not used for its intended purpose, it must be returned to the principal. In an exclusive agency listing agreement, if a buyer is found, the licensee will earn a commission, unless the seller finds the buyer.

With the exclusive agency listing agreement, there is only one brokerage firm. Also, the licensee has a limited, clearly-defined period of time in which to find a buyer. Finally, the exclusive agency listing agreement is a bilateral contract. A bilateral contract is the exchange of a promise for a promise.

The seller promises to pay the commission if the licensee finds a buyer. The licensee promises to use due diligence to find a buyer. Under the exclusive right-to-sell listing agreement, the licensee will earn a commission if a buyer is found during the term of the contract. It does not matter who finds the buyer. The exclusive right-to-sell is a bilateral contract. This type of listing agreement provides the maximum protection for the licensee. This type of contract is by and between a licensee and a buyer.

The open listing agreement is a unilateral contract: A unilateral contract is the exchange of a promise for performance. The seller is promising to pay a commission to the one licensee who performs and finds a buyer. It is not exclusive, meaning there can be multiple licensees from multiple brokerage firms working to find a buyer.

If the seller finds a buyer, none of the licensees will earn a commission. Finally, there does not need to be a specific termination date for an open listing.

An open listing gives any real estate licensee who has a listing agreement with the seller the right to a commission if he finds the buyer for the home. An open listing gives the seller the right to establish many listing agreements with many brokerage firms and pay a commission only to the firm that finds the buyer. Sellers might be under the misguided impression that this type of listing gives them an advantage.

However, in most cases, the listing agents in an open listing are not apt to market the property as aggressively if there is a possibility that another firm could find the buyer. Furthermore, most Multiple Listing Services MLS specifically prohibit the publication of open listings in the MLS listings, so all marketing of the property must be done through other less effective means.

The agreement described in this fact pattern is an option: An option is a unilateral contract. An option is a contractual agreement between an owner the "optionor" and a prospective buyer the "optionee". The owner agrees not to sell the property to anyone else during the period of time specified in the option. This is a unilateral contract, meaning it is the exchange of a promise for performance.

Here, the owner is promising not to sell the property to anyone else until the prospective buyer decides either to buy i. Whatever the prospective buyer decides, the owner of the property will keep the nonrefundable option fee. During this option term, if the prospective buyer decides to exercise the option, the seller will sell the property to the prospective buyer at a price both parties have agreed to in the option agreement.

Note: Prospective tenants could also enter into an option with owners regarding prospective leasehold property. If the prospective tenant decides not to exercise the option, the owner would keep the nonrefundable option fee. Here, the prospective buyer is not making a promise, and has the freedom to walk away, if deciding against the purchase of the property.

During an option term, the buyer is deciding whether or not to purchase the property. The owner and the prospective buyer are not yet parties to a purchase contract.

If the prospective buyer decides to purchase the property, a bilateral purchase contract will be necessary. An unenforceable contract prevents the victim of a breach of contract from going to court and suing. Here are some common examples of an unenforceable contract: a verbal contract when a writing is required Statute of Frauds issue ; a contract with an unlawful purpose; a contract past the Statute of Limitations; etc.

There is nothing in the fact pattern to suggest that this option contract would be unenforceable in a court of law. Contracts for the sale or purchase of real estate are unenforceable in a court of law unless they are in writing and signed by the parties to be charged. The purpose of the statute of frauds is to prevent fraud by a person seeking to enforce a contract that was never made.

The statute was not designed to prevent oral contracts. One exception to this rule is oral leases for a period not exceeding one year.

Such leases are enforceable if the intent of the parties can be established in court. These facts reflect improper delivery of the deed. In order for title to transfer, there must be a valid deed as well as delivery and acceptance of the deed. A deed is delivered when there is intent to convey the property. Here, there was not even an intent to convey the property during the lifetime of the grantor.

If the mother did not want to convey her property until after she passed, she should have used a will, a trust, or, perhaps, a deed creating a life estate in herself with a remainder interest in the son.

There is nothing in the fact pattern to suggest a lack of capacity. Issues relating to lack of capacity might have to do with: an unemancipated minor attempting to sign a deed, a mentally-incompetent grantor, or a grantor who executed a deed while drunk or drugged.

Concurrent ownership occurs when multiple people own the same parcel of real estate together. The fact pattern states that the surgeon was the sole owner of the property when she executed the deed, and wanted her son to be the sole owner of the property after she passed.

The test question states that the surgeon properly executed a legal deed. The intent to transfer is manifested by delivery of the deed. Deeds become valid upon delivery, acceptance and notification to the deliverer of the acceptance. In most states, delivery happens when the grantor seller signs the deed. Notification to the deliverer that the deed has been accepted occurs when the deed is recorded. The method of legal acceptance of a deed varies by state. FHA mortgage insurance premiums MIPs can be paid at closing or included into the loan amount and paid monthly.

FHA mortgage default insurance protects lenders in the event of borrower default. FHA is not a direct lender. FHA is not a joint lender, but provides borrower-paid insurance to protect lenders in the event the borrower defaults on the loan. In fact, borrowers with an FHA loan may only need to make a 3. Test-Taking Tip: Examiners occasionally will try to confuse students by writing complicated test questions like: "All of the following are incorrect, except.

For example, a simpler way of phrasing this question is: "Which answer choice is true? A three-party security instrument that hypothecates real estate is called a Deed of Trust. The Deed of Trust aka a "Trust Deed" is one of the documents the borrower signs when getting a loan using real estate as collateral.

A Deed of Trust creates a voluntary lien on the real estate of the borrower. The three parties to this legal instrument are the lender beneficiary , the borrower trustor and the trustee the third party to whom the borrower conveys bare legal title for the lifetime of the loan. Test-Taking Tip: Make sure you memorize the information in your study materials related to Trust Deeds.

Even if Deeds of Trust are uncommon in your state, you are very likely to be tested on this subject. Note: During the lifetime of the loan, the trustee under a Trust Deed will hold bare legal title to the property. When the loan is paid in full, the trustee must reconvey bare legal title back to the borrower, and does so using a document called a "Deed of Reconveyance.

A mortgagor is the name of the borrower in a two-party security instrument called a Mortgage. A mortgagee is the name of a lender in a Mortgage. However, in contrast to the Trust Deed, it is only a lien: No portion of title is conveyed by a mortgage. The trustor is the name of the borrower in a Deed of Trust. Test-Taking Tip: Make sure you spend some study time going through the glossary in your licensing materials. Examiners frequently test knowledge of technical words and terms like "hypothecate" to pledge real estate without giving up possession.

Regulation Z requires that lenders furnish an applicant for a real estate loan with a statement that discloses the finance charges associated with a loan. The Truth in Lending Disclosure Statement shows the annual percentage, which is the borrower's cost of credit as an annual rate; and the total amount the borrower will repay to the lender in comparison with the amount financed. Discrimination on the basis of race in the purchase or leasing of real estate is always illegal--even when the goal is racial diversity.

Race is one of multiple protected classes in the Civil Rights Act of , as amended. Lead-based paint warnings are required--for both sales and rentals--if construction began prior to January 1, Unless there is actual knowledge of lead-based paint on the premises, a warning is unnecessary for an improvement constructed in Test-Taking Tip: Make sure you know what is considered "target housing" for lead-based paint warnings i.

If a complex complies with federal rules related to senior citizen housing, owners and property managers are legally permitted to exclude families with minor children. Note: Per federal rules, a senior is someone who is years-old or older.

One of the property manager's most important duties is to find well-qualified tenants who are financially able to rent the leasehold property. A property manager is obligated to stay informed about market rents in the area; and track vacancies in the building being managed. However, the property manager has no obligation to the principal to stay informed on market value of the building. Fairness and honesty are always a part of a property manager's responsibilities as a party of the duty of agency.

The landlord breached the implied Warranty of Habitability. For many jurisdictions across the United States, this promise of a habitable living environment is implied by law in residential leases. It need not be discussed verbally or included in writing in the lease. The basic living and safety standards in this implied warranty include necessities such as heat, plumbing, electrical systems, and water.

By not responding in a timely manner to the tenant's repeated calls for help, the landlord was in breach of the implied Warranty of Habitability. Therefore, the tenant's abandonment of the leasehold property--and subsequent refusal to pay rent--would most likely be found by a court to be justified, relieving the tenant from any further obligations under the lease. Note: A failure on the part of the landlord to make a residential rental property habitable is referred to as "constructive eviction.

This answer choice states the general rule. But, a breach of the implied Warranty of Habitability may relieve the residential tenant of any further contractual obligations, including payment of rent.

In most jurisdictions, the landlord is responsible for keeping necessities such as heat, plumbing, water, and electrical systems in good repair. Another promise many jurisdictions imply into residential leases is the Covenant of Quiet Enjoyment, an implied promise that no one claiming superior title will disturb the tenant's possession of the leasehold property.

However, there is one important exception to the Covenant of Quiet Enjoyment: If there is an emergency situation on the leasehold property, the landlord has the right to enter the property--unannounced--to repair the emergency.

The examinees will frequently use these somewhat technical terms in test questions rather than the words used in everyday speech. The landlord or property owner is the lessor; or the person giving the lease rights. The tenant is the lessee; or the person receiving the lease rights. In comparison to the single-family residence being appraised frequently referred to as the "subject property" , the second comparable is missing a bathroom.

The value of a bathroom must be added to the sales price of the second comparable so that it more accurately reflects the market value of the subject property. Although appraisers look for comparables that are as close as possible to the subject property, the comparables do not have to have the exact same number of bedrooms and bathrooms. The appraiser will adjust the sales prices of the comparables to account for differences between a recently-sold comparable and the subject property.

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If you need help with the new service, please contact your professional licensing program. We expect a processing delay for mailed applications and renewals. Renew or apply online for faster processing of your license. Thank you for your patience and we apologize for any inconvenience. Members of the public may attend the meeting via video conference by following the Zoom instructions which will be posted on the NCREC website www.

If you choose to attend via a smartphone rather than computer please first download the Zoom mobile app. The recent deaths of numerous persons of color in our nation have awakened many of us to racial inequities which have always been present but not widely considered or discussed.

The North Carolina Real Estate Commission members and staff remain deeply troubled by these senseless losses and the many inequities faced by persons of color.

These ongoing events, and the resulting protests, have affected all of us, have made us think and question our own actions and reactions, and have shown the importance of compassionate and open discussion about issues of racial equity.

The Commission welcomes the resulting discussions and changes that have begun and will continue in our community and nation. Those involved in real estate brokerage are a diverse community. The Commission is committed to the principles of excellence, fairness, and respect for all people.

It is our goal to ensure that brokerage activities are conducted in fairness to all, to ensure equal housing opportunities, and to end discrimination in the sale or rental of all real estate. Everyone should feel safe in their communities and should feel and be free from discrimination. We stand with those who seek equal justice for all and will do our part to encourage and support our community in making necessary changes to make sure racism and disregard for the dignity of people of color become a part of our history and not our present.

We vow to listen, learn, and work with others to promote equality, inclusion, and acceptance. The Commission is committed to examining its rules to ensure that they address discriminatory conduct by licensees in the real estate profession and to being a leader in moving the profession forward.