Tools to measure turning effort

High end measuring solutions also exist which can optically measure a workpiece or specimen such as microscopes or profile projectors. Measuring tools are available with different types of display for reading the measurement, these include digital displays, vernier scales, dial readout clock type and analogue micrometer heads.

Digital displays offer the fastest and easiest reading and are typically available to 2 or 3 decimal places. Traditional calipers and depth gauges used a vernier scale which resembles the markings of a ruler, these offer extreme robustness compared to digital tools but do not offer as high accuracy. What Calibration do we supply with our Measuring Tools. Cutwel offer UKAS calibration with almost all measuring tools that we supply. UKAS United Kingdom Accreditation Service are the nationally appointed organisation to assess certification, testing, inspection and calibration against agreed standards.

UKAS calibrated products are supplied with an official testing certificate that that confirms the measuring tool has been manufactured and operates at the high standards required. Please contact our sales team today for any enquiries about purchasing measuring tools with UKAS calibration. How often should you re-calibrate your Measuring Tools. Over time, measuring tools can degrade and start to show inaccurate readings, this is mainly due to general wear and tear of the product.

Therefore, re-calibration is required in order to maintain high levels of accuracy. Most tools come with a recommend calibration interval to ensure you are checking them regularly, but this can also be dependent on the usage. More frequent calibration will be required for high usage measuring tools. Most digital tools are available with data output which can be transferred to a PC, tablet or phone. Many digital tools are available with an IP rating ingress protection. This is the level of protection a measuring tool has against liquids or dust.

The most common IP ratings in precision measuring tools are:. IP54 — Offers protection against a certain amount of dust levels but is not fully dust proof. It is also protected against splashing water or coolant but not submerged in it. IP65 — Fully dust proof and protected against water or coolant from a jet at any angle. IP67 - Fully dust proof and protected from full immersion in water or coolant for a maximum of 30 minutes. What brands of measuring tools do Cutwel sell?

Cutwel supply a comprehensive range of measuring tools, covering almost all applications. Turning is a form of machining, a material removal process, which is used to create rotational parts by cutting away unwanted material. The turning process requires a turning machine or lathe, workpiece , fixture , and cutting tool. The workpiece is a piece of pre-shaped material that is secured to the fixture, which itself is attached to the turning machine, and allowed to rotate at high speeds.

The cutter is typically a single-point cutting tool that is also secured in the machine, although some operations make use of multi-point tools. The cutting tool feeds into the rotating workpiece and cuts away material in the form of small chips to create the desired shape. Turning is used to produce rotational, typically axi-symmetric, parts that have many features, such as holes, grooves, threads, tapers, various diameter steps, and even contoured surfaces.

Parts that are fabricated completely through turning often include components that are used in limited quantities, perhaps for prototypes, such as custom designed shafts and fasteners. Turning is also commonly used as a secondary process to add or refine features on parts that were manufactured using a different process. Due to the high tolerances and surface finishes that turning can offer, it is ideal for adding precision rotational features to a part whose basic shape has already been formed.

The time required to produce a given quantity of parts includes the initial setup time and the cycle time for each part. The setup time is composed of the time to setup the turning machine, plan the tool movements whether performed manually or by machine , and install the fixture device into the turning machine.

The cycle time can be divided into the following four times:. Following the turning process cycle, there is no post processing that is required. However, secondary processes may be used to improve the surface finish of the part if it is required. The scrap material, in the form of small material chips cut from the workpiece, is propelled away from the workpiece by the motion of the cutting tool and the spraying of lubricant. Therefore, no process cycle step is required to remove the scrap material, which can be collected and discarded after the production.

Cutting parameters In turning, the speed and motion of the cutting tool is specified through several parameters. These parameters are selected for each operation based upon the workpiece material, tool material, tool size, and more. During the process cycle, a variety of operations may be performed to the workpiece to yield the desired part shape.

These operations may be classified as external or internal. External operations modify the outer diameter of the workpiece, while internal operations modify the inner diameter. The following operations are each defined by the type of cutter used and the path of that cutter to remove material from the workpiece.

Turning machines, typically referred to as lathes, can be found in a variety of sizes and designs. While most lathes are horizontal turning machines, vertical machines are sometimes used, typically for large diameter workpieces.

Turning machines can also be classified by the type of control that is offered. A manual lathe requires the operator to control the motion of the cutting tool during the turning operation. Turning machines are also able to be computer controlled, in which case they are referred to as a computer numerical control CNC lathe.

CNC lathes rotate the workpiece and move the cutting tool based on commands that are preprogrammed and offer very high precision. In this variety of turning machines, the main components that enable the workpiece to be rotated and the cutting tool to be fed into the workpiece remain the same.

These components include the following:. Manual lathe. The tooling that is required for turning is typically a sharp single-point cutting tool that is either a single piece of metal or a long rectangular tool shank with a sharp insert attached to the end.

These inserts can vary in size and shape, but are typically a square, triangle, or diamond shaped piece. These cutting tools are inserted into the turret or a tool holder and fed into the rotating workpiece to cut away material. These single point cutting tools are available in a variety of shapes that allow for the formation of different features.

Some common types of tools are as follows:. The above tools are often specified as being right or left handed, which indicates in which direction they move along the workpiece while making a cut. As described in the previous section, live tooling can also be used for turning, which includes the use of mills, drills, reamers, and taps. These are cylindrical multi-point cutting tools that have sharp teeth spaced around the exterior. The spaces between the teeth are called flutes and allow the material chips to move away from the workpiece.

The teeth may be straight along the side of the cutter, but are more commonly arranged in a helix. The helix angle reduces the load on the teeth by distributing the forces. Also, the number of teeth on a cutter varies. A larger number of teeth will provide a better surface finish. The cutter teeth cover only a portion of the tool, while the remaining length is a smooth surface, called the shank. The shank is the section of the cutter that is secured inside the tool holder. All cutting tools that are used in turning can be found in a variety of materials, which will determine the tool's properties and the workpiece materials for which it is best suited.

These properties include the tool's hardness, toughness, and resistance to wear. The most common tool materials that are used include the following:. The material of the tool is chosen based upon a number of factors, including the material of the workpiece, cost, and tool life. Tool life is an important characteristic that is considered when selecting a tool, as it greatly affects the manufacturing costs.

A short tool life will not only require additional tools to be purchased, but will also require time to change the tool each time it becomes too worn. In turning, the raw form of the material is a piece of stock from which the workpieces are cut. This stock is available in a variety of shapes such as solid cylindrical bars and hollow tubes. Custom extrusions or existing parts such as castings or forgings are also sometimes used. Turning can be performed on a variety of materials, including most metals and plastics.

Common materials that are used in turning include the following:. You can find more details on UserZoom in the following video:. Only once this key question is answered can you select an appropriate tool and start measuring. This is often where errors creep in. For example, a million website users each month for your e-commerce store may be quite impressive.

Defining the right KPIs for an organisation, department or project is a science and discipline in itself. Which KPIs you can measure using which of the above tools is listed in the following table:. Pro tip: Before you decide on a tool and start measuring, you should check first of all whether your marketing department or website manager for instance already uses one of these tools.

It usually takes less than ten minutes to install a measurement tool such as Hotjar or Google Analytics on a website, even for the more technically challenged among us. You should then be able to get started with measuring straight away.

This is how it works for Hotjar:. You can usually use those of other companies as a guide. Such as the data protection policy for the recruitment company Hays , which states that it uses Google Analytics, Hotjar and wiredminds on its page. This is particularly important with regard to the EU GDPR General Data Protection Regulation , which came into force in May Based on the reforms, some of which are complex, experts are expecting a wave of reprimands for many websites and companies.

Some tools — such as SurveyMonkey — also allow you to benchmark your measurement results against other companies or websites and thus to check how you are doing in comparison to your competitors. By contrast, for a portal page like Yahoo , this value would be negative.

Pro tip: Even if you want to give yourself time with analysing the results and the resulting strategic conclusions: The quicker you set up the tools, the sooner you will have a strong data set to hand which you can use to come up with measures for improvement at any time and without waiting for data to be collected.

Unfortunately, in most businesses, UX does not yet have the status it deserves. As a potential usability ambassador, you can make it your job to inform your colleagues and supervisors of the mostly unexplored, faraway and fruitful land of UX.

In doing so, you have a major advantage: Nowadays, it is easier than ever to measure UX and back up your arguments with clear and indisputable measurement data and facts.

It also usually only takes a few minutes to set up the tools and start measuring. Do you already measure UX metrics? If so, which ones? How has the acceptance of UX in your company developed since then?