Trace ra clinical trial

Besides, both hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine constrain pH-dependent steps of SARS-CoV-2 replication by increasing pH in intracellular vesicles [ 60 ]. More importantly, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine work as Zn ionophore, thereby increasing the intracellular Zn concentration [ 64 ].

The rest of 5 clinical trials serial nos. The results of these studies are still awaited. The common denominator among the above mentioned trials is the use of Zn by virtue of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties [ 4 , 5 ]. Based on its antioxidant properties, Zn can protect against age-associated macular degeneration, induced by oxidative stress [ 65 ]. In general, these properties are the therapeutic basis of the indication of Zn for the treatment of wounds, burns, and acne vulgaris.

For a clear picture, results of these randomized control trials will be eagerly awaited. Zn absorption is influenced by some foods; e. Zn elimination half-life is in the range of 0. Zn deficiency is far more widespread in population than Zn toxicity Zn toxicity is very sporadic and occurs very rarely. In comparison to several other metal ions with similar chemical properties, Zn is relatively harmless.

Acute Zn intoxication is a rare event though exposure to high doses leads to toxic effects. However, it is well established that copper deficiency is associated with taking up large doses of supplemental Zn over extended periods of time [ 71 — 73 ].

In addition, chronic use of Zn as supplements [ 68 ] or as a medication [ 74 ] can block intestinal absorption of copper [ 75 ]. The finely tuned and synchronized systemic homeostasis and efficient regulatory mechanisms keep a check on the cytotoxic doses of exogenous Zn.

It is the endogenous Zn that plays a pivotal role in Zn-induced cytotoxic events in single cells. Brain, in particular, is very sensitive to Zn toxicity. Using Zn as a supplement or treatment adjuvant is a two-edged sword. On this basis, a concern had arisen that long-term Zn treatment can cause suppression of the immune system. On the similar lines, using excess Zn supplementation as an antiviral therapy can also do harm to the immune system.

Maywald et al. This observation necessitates the need to continuously monitor the levels of Zn to obtain maximum therapeutic efficacy. Cellular Zn intake can be improved by ionophores including chloroquine and some of its derivatives such as hydroxychloroquine [ 64 ]. Alternatively, natural ionophores of potential use with a good tolerability profile are quercetin and epigallocatechin gallate [ 79 ].

One such means is Zn therapy in addition to other antiviral drugs. Based on the current knowledge of beneficial and harmful effects of Zn Fig. However, the clinical and preclinical data on this aspect is very scanty now and results of current clinical trials employing Zn in COVID can somehow shed more light on the efficacy of Zn against viral infections in vivo. The investigators of the different studies hope to complete the trials in the near future. Basic and experimental research is still at infancy stage with regard to antiviral mechanisms, clinical benefits, and optimal dose of Zn supplementation as a therapeutic treatment as well as a preventative measure for viral infections including SARS-CoV Generous funding is the need of hour to rigorously pursue this aspect of basic research and provide conclusive evidence to the clinical trials and assumptions based on current knowledge.

The other authors declare no competing financial interest. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Biol Trace Elem Res. Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Amit Pal, Email: moc. Corresponding author. Received Aug 13; Accepted Oct This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source.

This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract Coronavirus disease COVID pandemic continues to threaten patients, societies, and economic and healthcare systems around the world. Introduction As the whole world is grappling with coronavirus disease COVID pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 SARS-CoV-2 , there is a frantic race for finding treatment regimens based on current knowledge until effective vaccine and ad hoc drugs are developed.

Immunological Functions of Zn Data gleaned from seminal animal model studies have added considerable knowledge about the principal roles of Zn in the immune system. Open in a separate window. The Role of Zn in Antiviral Immunity There is very scant information available on the role and effect of Zn in SARS and coronavirus disease, even though literature is rapidly increasing [ 17 , 49 ].

Clinical trial study title ClinicalTrial. References 1. Maret W. Zinc and the zinc proteome. Met Ions Life Sci. Clinical and experimental. Zinc metabolism in patients with the syndrome of iron deficiency anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, dwarfism, and hypogonadism. J Lab Clin Med. Revisiting the old and learning the new of zinc in immunity. Nat Immunol. The role of micronutrients in the infection and subsequent response to hepatitis C virus. The role of zinc in antiviral immunity.

The primary purpose of this study is to describe the utilization and findings on magnetic resonance imaging MRI of the hands and feet in patients with seronegative rheumatoid arthritis RA based on the ACR or classification criteria compared to the findings seen in patients with seropositive disease RF or ACPA positive.

The purpose of this pilot study is to analyze the effectiveness of a new ultrasound microvessel imaging technology for evaluation of synovitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The purpose of this study is to collect clinical and biological measures to develop an Artificial Intelligence based algorithm and clinical decision support tool to predict the week response to adalimumab, a tumor necrosis factor receptor antagonist in adults with a clinical diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis.

The purpose of this study is to establish a cohort of clinical and biological samples of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis or arthritis like undifferentiated inflammatory arthritis in order to address multiple critical barriers that exist to improved outcomes for patients with RA and other chronic inflammatory arthritides, including: 1 gaps in understanding disease mechanisms; 2 the lack of highly useful diagnostic and prognostic tools; and 3 the unavailability of personalized, targeted therapies for patients with early inflammatory arthritis.

The purpose of this study is to understand the extent of routine cardiovascular screening in patients with rheumatoid arthritis to improve management of their cardiovascular disease and optimize cardiovascular preventive strategies for this group of patients.

Continuation of the CARRA Registry as described in the protocol will support data collection on patients with pediatric-onset rheumatic diseases. In particular, this observational registry will be used to answer pressing questions about therapeutics used to treat pediatric rheumatic diseases, including safety questions.

The purpose of this study is to establish a comparator cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and other spondyloarthropathies. We will collect demographic information, historical information about diagnosis and past treatment, and clinical, radiographic, and laboratory data on each patient using standardized data collection forms.

We will also collect blood and synovial tissue samples from each patient. CJW is responsible for the overall content as guarantor.

Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; internally peer reviewed. Supplemental material This content has been supplied by the author s.

Any opinions or recommendations discussed are solely those of the author s and are not endorsed by BMJ. BMJ disclaims all liability and responsibility arising from any reliance placed on the content. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways. Skip to main content. Log in via OpenAthens. Log in using your username and password For personal accounts OR managers of institutional accounts. Scale range is 0 to 10; 0 No pain being the best rating to the maximal rating of 10 Pain as bad as you can imagine.

The NRS is a measure of the average weekly pain intensity score greater than on a 0 to 10 points scale where 0 is No Pain and 10 is the worst pain. Scale range is 0 to 10; 0 No symptom being the best rating to the maximal rating of 10 Worst possible score for symptom. Scale range is 0 to 3 for rating the degree of severity and a second scale for the investigator that assigns a casual relationship of improbable, possible or probable.

Changes in validated Mini-Cog. Scale range is numerical and rates the ability to recall words and ability to draw a clock showing numbers from 1 to 12 and then drawing the given time. Changes in POMS. Scale range is 1 to 5 and describes how you feel right now. Scale of 1, the lowest score, describes a feeling of Not At All right now for the mood and the scale of 5 gives the highest score representing a feeling of Extremely for the mood.

Changes in HAM-D scale. Scale range is either 0 to 2 or 0 to 4. The scale is designed to rate the severity of depression with a score of 0 representing the absence of the question and 2 or 4 meaning the highest severity. MQS is a method of quantifying different pain drug regimens by evaluating the use of 22 distinct drug classes e. A single value is calculated based on a patient's pain medication profile, taking into account dosages, and the types of pain medications prescribed.

Eligibility Criteria. A female volunteer must meet one of the following criteria: If of childbearing potential - agrees to use one of the accepted contraceptive regimens from at least 28 days prior to the first drug administration, during the study and for at least 60 days after the last dose.

If of non-childbearing potential - should be surgically sterile or in a menopausal state A male volunteer with sexual partners who are pregnant, possibly pregnant, or who could become pregnant must be surgically sterile or agrees to use one of the accepted contraceptive regimens from first drug administration until 3 months after the last drug administration.

Contacts and Locations. Information from the National Library of Medicine To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor. Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.